菩萨蛮·题梅扇
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宋代]：周纯
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梅花韵似才人面。为伊写在春风扇。人面似花妍。花应不解言。
在手微风动。勾引相思梦。莫用插酴醿。酴醿羞见伊。
菩萨蛮·题梅扇鉴赏
这是为画着梅花扇子题写的一首小令，属于咏物之作，借梅扇写春情，也有一番巧思。
上片写持扇而观时见画思人的内心活动，以扇上梅花与意中人面联系比较，表露对伊人的倾慕爱恋之情。句意是：梅花的标致就像有才华的伊人的面貌，如今伊人被画在可以吹拂春风的扇页上。伊人的面貌就象梅花一样美好，只是应该承认，梅花却不能理解人的语言。这里化用了两个典故。其一，见《旧唐书·杨再思传》。张易之的弟弟张昌宗（六郎）以美好的姿容受到则天皇帝的宠幸，杨再思就阿谀奉承地说：“人言六郎面似莲花，再思以为莲花似六郎，非六郎似莲花也。”词中只是为了切题，把莲花换成了梅花，但却巧妙地把无耻谄媚之言化为衷心赞美之辞，用梅花衬托才人，直有拜倒伊前、五体投地的意味。其二，见《开元天宝遗事》：“明皇秋八月，太液池有千叶白莲数枝盛开，帝与贵戚赏焉。左右皆叹羡久之。帝指贵妃示于左右曰：‘争如我解语花？’”后来遂用解语花来比喻美人。词中用此，意思仍然是借花赞人，人比花好；因为人能解言，意味着善体人意。先以花比人，后又以人比花，反复言之，由于意不能自己。比来比去，总是花不如人，人胜于花，可以突出才人在其心目中神圣而崇高的地位。即使是“GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人眼里出西施”，也可以见出其意有所向，爱有所专。
下片写持扇而摇时因风遐想的内心活动，进一步表露相思景仰的一片深情。句意是：把扇在手，徐徐摇动，轻轻扇起微风，柔和的风使人不禁联想到伊人的温存，于是勾引起相思的梦来。只是莫要在梳妆时把酴醾花插到头上啊，因为酴醾花也自惭形秽，羞于见到像梅花那样美好的才人哩。“微风”，与上片“春风”相应，春风柔和温暖，容易产生爱抚怜惜的通感，勾引相思，因而顺理合情。“酴醾”，花名，以颜色像酴醾酒而得名，花期迟在春末，故苏轼诗云：“酴醾不争春，寂寞开最晚”（《分类东坡诗》二十《杜沂游武昌以酴醾花菩萨泉见饷》之一）。这里主要是用来衬托梅花、突出才人，表露为之倾倒的情意，同时还隐约透露出莫教残春恼人意绪的别趣。
伊，通常指第三人称，有时也指第二人称。如《刘知远诸宫调》：“三娘告启刘知远，伊自参详，我因伊吃尽兄打桄（折磨）。”词中也可以从第二人称来体会其情话喁喁之状，更觉亲昵缠绵。
这首小令题为梅扇，其实着眼于持扇人的情怀。从词意看，疑是为歌伎而作，时间应是暮春。词中摹写女伎心理，设身处地，体察入微，故能口吻毕肖，婉而有致。
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上一首：
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苏轼《
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水调歌头·昵昵儿女语》
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下一首：
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苏轼《
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李思训画长江绝岛图》
周纯简介
唐代·周纯的简介
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僧，字忘机，成都华阳（今四川华阳）人。后依解潜，久留荆楚，故亦自称楚人。少为浮屠。蹈冠游京师，以诗、画为佛事，都下翕然知名，士大夫多与之游。。画家于人物必九朽一罢，谓先以土笔扑取形似数次修改，故曰九朽，继以淡墨一描而成，故曰一罢，罢者毕也。纯独不假乎此，落笔便成，而气韵生动。每谓人曰：“书、画同一关捩，善书者又岂先朽而后书邪?”有石鼎联句图传于世。《画继、后村题跋》。
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