殿前欢·大都西山
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元代]：唐毅夫
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冷云间，夕阳楼外数峰闲。等闲不许俗人看，雨髻烟鬟。倚西风十二阑，休长叹。不多时暮霭风吹散，西山看我，我看西山。
殿前欢·大都西山译文及注释
译文
隔着夕阳映照下的楼殿，在阴冷的浓云之间，西山露出冷清清的几座峰尖。那山头就像烟雨中的美人髻鬟，朦朦胧胧，不肯轻易让俗人看清它的真面。我在秋风中倚遍栏杆，又何必为之长叹。不多时晚风将夜雾驱散，西山注视着我，我也端详着它的容颜。
注释
大都西山：北京西山，属太行山脉之余段，为历史上的著名风景区。
等闲：寻常。
殿前欢·大都西山鉴赏
这首小令写的是赏看大都西山，文法曲折多致，寄托了作者的人生感受。
“冷云间”三字起笔一总，营造了特殊条件下的西山景观。这一起语颇可借用《红楼梦》对凤姐“一夜北风紧”开笔的评价：“不见底下的，这正是会作诗的起法，不但好，而且留了写不尽的多少地步与后人。”“冷云”是阴云、浓云、令人心情沉重之云，写西山先写此云，便点现了出师不利的第一感。先以“冷云”占据画面，第二句的“夕阳”、“楼外”、“数峰闲”，就有依次破云而出的动感，弥漫着一种清冷寂寞的气氛，暗示了作者登楼远眺的孤独。虽则“数峰”露现于冷云之间，却不肯将庐山真面轻易示人，三、四两句，就在文气上推出了这一波折。这两句是倒装，“髻”、“鬟”均以美人的发式喻山，辛弃疾《水龙吟》“遥岑远目，献愁供恨，玉簪螺髻”、黄庭坚《雨中登岳阳楼望君山》“满川风雨独凭栏，绾结湘娥十二鬟”已有成例。曲中是“雨髻烟鬟”，这就补充了“冷云”的来历，原来此时正值雨霁，夕阳固然露了脸，但云层之上的西山峰头依然缠结着雨意。“雨髻烟鬟”，将西山的巍伟及山顶云罩雾绕的朦胧景象，生动地表现出来了。诗人将“数峰”的朦胧，说成是“等闲不许俗人看”，为西山占重身份，也表现出自己是它的知音。所以他在西风中倚遍栏杆，执著等待，并不为眼前的遗憾景象而长叹。果然峰回路转，不多时暮霭吹散，掀去了雨雾的面纱。文笔至此也豁然开朗，“西山看我，我看西山”，令人想起前人“相看两不厌，唯有敬亭山”（李白《独坐敬亭山》）、“我见青山多妩媚，料青山、见我应如是”（辛弃疾《贺新郎》）的快意境界。
这首小令以看山的经历为表，寓寄了诗人对人生的观照与信念。这一点，我们不难从曲中的喻示中发现和领会。“冷云”代表了精神追求中的阻碍与迷障，但只要与理想信念心心相印，执著不渝，终究乌云遮不住太阳。西山“等闲不许俗人看”，而最终却与作者契合交融，“西山看我，我看西山”，其间诗人以脱俗孤高自许的用意，也是十分明显的。
顺便一说，〔殿前欢〕末二句的颠倒语序、分说合观，并非作者的首创，阿里西瑛的“呵呵笑我，我笑呵呵”，贯云石的“功名戏我，我戏功名”，乔吉的“人多笑我，我笑人多”，张可久的“青山爱我，我爱青山”，等等，都是脍炙人口的先例。而本曲中的“西山看我，我看西山”，物我交融，兴寄高远，可说是散曲创作继承发展中青出于蓝的例子。
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唐毅夫简介
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