赤壁
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唐代]：杜牧
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折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。
赤壁译文及注释
译文
一支折断了的铁戟（古代兵器）沉没在水底的沙中还没有销蚀掉，经过自己又磨又洗发现这是当年赤壁之战的遗留之物。
假如东风不给周瑜以方便，结局恐怕是曹操取胜，二乔被关进铜雀台了。
注释
折戟：折断的戟。戟，古代兵器。
销：销蚀。
将：拿起。
磨洗：磨光洗净。
认前朝：认出戟是东吴破曹时的遗物。
东风：指三国时期的一个战役──火烧赤壁。
周郎：指周瑜，字公瑾，年轻时即有才名，人乎周郎。后任吴军大都督，曾参与赤壁之战并为此战役中的主要人物。
铜雀：即铜雀台，曹操在今河北省临漳县建造的一座楼台，楼顶里有大铜雀，台上住姬妾歌妓，是曹操暮年行乐处。
二乔：东吴乔公的两个女儿，一嫁前国主孙策（孙权兄），称大乔，一嫁军事统帅周瑜，称小乔，合称“二乔”。
参考资料：
1、蘅塘退士 著 吴兆基 编．唐诗三百首：宗教文化出版社，2003：320
2、蘅塘退士 著 金性尧 编．唐诗三百首新注：上海古籍出版社，1993：356-357
3、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典（十一）：吉林大学出版社，2009：48-50
赤壁创作背景
这首诗是诗人经过赤壁（今湖北省武昌县西南赤矶山）这个著名的古战场，有感于三国时代的英雄成败而写下的。诗人观赏了古战场的遗物，对赤壁之战发表了独特的看法，有感而作。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，2005：804-805
赤壁鉴赏
诗篇的开头借一件古物兴起对前朝人、事、物的慨叹。
“折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。”这两句意为折断的战戟沉在泥沙中并未被销蚀，自己将它磨洗后认出是前朝遗物。在这里，这两句描写看似平淡实为不平。沙里沉埋着断戟，点出了此地曾有过历史风云。战戟折断沉沙却未被销蚀，暗含着岁月流逝而物是人非之感。正是由于发现了这一件沉埋江底六百多年，锈迹斑斑的“折戟”，使得诗人思绪万千，因此他要磨洗干净出来辨认一番，发现原来是赤壁之战遗留下来的兵器。这样前朝的遗物又进一步引发作者浮想联翩的思绪，为后文抒怀作了很好的铺垫。
“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。”这后两句久为人们所传诵的佳句，意为倘若当年东风不帮助周瑜的话，那么铜雀台就会深深地锁住东吴二乔了。这里涉及到历史上著名的赤壁之战。这对于诗人而言是相当清楚的，因为杜牧本人有经邦济世之才，通晓政治军事，对历史时事是非常熟悉的。众所周知，赤壁之战吴胜曹败，可此处作者进行了逆向思维大胆地设想，提出了一个与历史事实相反的假设。假若当年东风不帮助周瑜的话，那结果会如何呢？诗人并未直言战争的结局。而是说“铜雀春深锁二乔”，铜雀台乃曹操骄奢淫乐之所，蓄姬妾歌姬其中。这里的铜雀台，让人不禁联想到曹操风流的一面，又言“春深”更加深了风流韵味，最后再用一个“锁”字，进一步突显其金屋藏娇之意。把硝烟弥漫的战争胜负写得如此蕴藉，实在令人佩服。
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李白《
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宣州谢脁楼饯别校书叔云》
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王勃《
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送杜少府之任蜀州》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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