国风·卫风·河广
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两汉]：佚名
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谁谓河广？一苇杭之。谁谓宋远？跂予望之。
谁谓河广？曾不容刀。谁谓宋远？曾不崇朝。
国风·卫风·河广译文及注释
译文
谁说黄河宽又广？一片苇筏就能航。谁说宋国很遥远？踮起脚尖就能望见。
谁说黄河广又宽？难以容纳小木船。谁说宋国很遥远？一个早晨就能到达。
注释
河：黄河。
苇：用芦苇编的筏子。杭：通“航”。
跂（qǐ）：古通“企”，踮起脚尖。予：而。一说我。
曾：乃，竟。刀：通“舠（dāo）”，小船。曾不容刀，意为黄河窄，竟容不下一条小船。
崇朝（zhāo）：终朝，自旦至食时。形容时间之短。
国风·卫风·河广创作背景
这首诗应该是春秋时代侨居卫国的宋人表达自己还乡心情急迫的思乡诗作。此诗的主人公，按《毛诗序》旧说当是归于卫国的卫文公之妹宋襄公之母，因为思念儿子，又不可违礼往见，故有是诗之作；现代的研究者多不从此说，而定其为客旅在卫的宋人，急于归返父母之邦的思乡之作。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：124-125
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：126-128
国风·卫风·河广鉴赏
此诗仅仅八句，就概括地速写了一位游子思乡的形象，和他欲归不得的迫切心情，栩栩如生。这得益于多种修辞手法的运用。
此诗善用设问与夸张。在卫与宋国之间，横亘着壮阔无涯的黄河，此诗之开篇即从对黄河的奇特设问发端——“谁谓河广？一苇杭之！”
发源于“昆仑”的万里大河，在古人心目中本是“上应天汉”的壮浪奇川。当它从天泻落，如雷奔行，直闯中原大地之际，更有“览百川之弘壮”、“纷鸿踊而腾鹜”之势。对这样一条大河，发出否定式的“谁谓河广”之问，简直无知得可笑。但是，诗中的主人公非但不以此问为忤，而且断然作出了傲视旷古的回答：“一苇杭之！”他竟要驾着一支苇筏，就将这横无际涯的大河飞越——想像之大胆，因了“一苇”之夸张，而具有了石破天惊之力。
凡有奇特夸张之处，必有超乎寻常的强烈情感为之凭借。诗中的主人公之所以面对黄河会断然生发“一苇杭之”的奇想，是因为在他的内心，此刻正升腾着无可按抑的归国之情。接着的“谁谓宋远？跂予望之”，正以急不可耐的思乡奇情，推涌出又一石破天惊的奇思。为滔滔黄河横隔的遥远宋国，居然在踮脚企颈中即可“望”见（那根本不可能），可见主人公的归国之心，已急切得再无任何障碍所可阻隔。强烈的思情，既然以超乎寻常的想像力，缩小了卫、宋之间的客观空间距离；则眼前的小小黄河，则可以靠一苇之筏超越。
所以当诗之第二章，竟又以“谁谓河广，曾不容刀”的夸张复叠时，便不会再令人感到吃惊或可笑，反倒觉得这“奇迹”出现得完全合乎情理。强烈的感情不仅催发了作诗者的奇思，也催发了读诗者一起去大胆想像：夸张之荒谬已被情感之认同所消解，现实已在奇情、奇思中“变形”。此刻出现在你眼中的主人公形象，当然已不再是隔绝在黄河这边徙倚的身影，而早以“一苇”越过“曾不容刀”的大河，化作在所牵念的家里欣然“朝食”的笑颜了。
以突兀而来的发问，和奇特夸张的答语构成全诗，来抒泻客旅之人不可遏制的思乡奇情，是《卫风·河广》艺术表现上的最大特色。否定式的发问，问得如一泻汪洋的黄河怒浪之逆折；石破天惊的夸张，应答得如砥柱中流的峰峦之耸峙。其间所激荡排奡着的，便是人类所共有的最深切的思乡之情，它不能不令千古读者为之而动容。
诗人不但运用设问与夸张的语言加以渲染，而且还以排比、迭章的形式来歌唱。通过这样反复问答的节奏，就把宋国不远、家乡易达而又思归不得的内心苦闷倾诉出来了。这首诗没有丝毫矫揉造作之态，好像现在的顺口溜民歌一样，通俗易懂。但它有一种言外之意，弦外之音：宋国既然“近而易达”，那么，他为什么不回去呢？这当然有其客观环境的阻力存在，不过这是诗人难言之隐，诗中没有明说罢了。这种“无声胜有声”的艺术魅力，是会引人产生各种猜想和回味的。
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佚名《
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国风·卫风·木瓜》
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佚名《
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无衣》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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侠客作
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：
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欧大任
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君不见燕中高筑黄金台，乐生慷慨从西来。挥戈谈笑聊凭轼，七十齐城何有哉。
君不见荆卿击筑饮燕市，悲歌变徵声，出祖临易水。
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感咏二十首 其二
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明代：
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李时行
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孔子五十龄，欣然常读易。读至损益时，喟然自叹息。
益者终必损，损者必见益。持盈在守谦，履盛当自抑。
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思佳客
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：
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顾随
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真把人间比梦间。子云亭下叶初丹。炷香纵使通三界，奠酒何曾至九泉。
辞北国，入西川。殷勤犹自寄诗篇。便教来世为兄弟，话到今生已惘然。
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诣斋宫作 其一
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：
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弘历
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尘净天逵宿雨过，帝京景物鬯清和。年来深识盈虚理，每对休徵谨畏多。
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登景山落霞亭二首 其一
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明代：
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宗臣
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雪后登山落木繁，朱霞犹自出天根。奇峰断石频停马，绝壁枯枝乱挂猿。
桂树千秋怀旧国，浮云何处望中原。蓬莱东去未为远，吾欲簌风叩日门。
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叉鱼招张功曹（署）
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唐代：
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韩愈
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叉鱼春岸阔，此兴在中宵。大炬然如昼，长船缚似桥。
深窥沙可数，静搒水无摇。刃下那能脱，波间或自跳。
中鳞怜锦碎，当目讶珠销。迷火逃翻近，惊人去暂遥。