十五从军征
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两汉]：佚名
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十五从军征，八十始得归。
道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁？”
“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”(遥看一作：遥望)
兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。
中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。
舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。
羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁？
出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。
十五从军征译文及注释
译文
刚满十五岁的少年就出去打仗，到了八十岁才回来。
路上碰到一个乡下的邻居，问：“我家里还有什么人？”
（他说）“你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。”
走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在屋脊上飞来飞去。
院子里长着野生的谷子，野生的葵菜环绕着井台。
用捣掉壳的野谷来做饭，摘下葵叶来煮汤。
汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知赠送给谁吃。
走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横，洒落在征衣上。
注：“遥望是君家，松柏冢累累。”原为“遥望是君家，松柏冢垒垒。”
注释
始：才。
归：回家。
道逢：在路上遇到。
道：路途上。
阿：语气词，没有意思。
君：你，表示尊敬的称呼。
遥望：远远地望去。
松柏（bǎi）：松树、柏树。
冢（zhǒng）：坟墓。
累累：与“垒垒”通，形容丘坟一个连一个的样子。
狗窦（gǒu dòu）：给狗出入的墙洞，窦，洞穴。
雉（zhì）：野鸡。
中庭：屋前的院子。
生：长。
旅：旅生，植物未经播种而野生。
旅谷：野生的谷子。
旅葵（kuí）：即野葵。
舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉谷子的皮壳或捣碎。
持：用。
作：当做。
羹（gēng）：就是饭菜的意思。
一时：一会儿就。
贻（yí）：送，赠送。
沾：渗入。
参考资料：
1、语文出版社教材研究中心 ．八年级（下）.语文版语文书 ．北京 ：语文出版社 ，2003 ．
十五从军征创作背景
《十五从军征》是一首揭露封建社会不合理的兵役制度的汉代乐府民歌，反映了劳动人民在当时黑暗的兵役制度下的不平和痛苦，作品真实、深刻、令人感愤，催人泣下。
参考资料：
1、吴小如等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：186
十五从军征鉴赏
这是一首叙事诗，描绘了一个“少小离家老大回”的老兵返乡途中与到家之后的情景，抒发了这一老兵的情感，也反映了当时的社会现实，具有一定的典型意义。开篇便不同凡响：“十五从军征，八十始得归。”这两句，直言老兵“十五”岁从军，“八十”岁方回，看似平淡无奇，像不经意间道来，实却耐人寻味，颇见功力。他“十五从军征”，奔赴何处，诗中未作说明；其军旅生活如何，战况怎样，诗中也均未交代。这就给读者留下众多想象的空间。但有一点是明确的，那就是他“从军征”，系出于战事，而且这一去就是数十年！“八十”与“十五”相对照，突出其“从军征”时间之久；“始得归”与“从军征”相呼应，则表明他中途一直未能回来。
《十五从军征》，是一首暴露封建社会不合理的兵役制度的汉代乐府民歌，反映了劳动人民在当时黑暗的兵役制度下的不平和痛苦。作品真实、深刻、令人感愤，催人泣下。
“道逢乡里人，‘家中有阿谁？’”主人公的思想脉络由六十五年的征战生活进入邈邈旷野、漫漫古道，对亲人家园的现状由茫然无际的想象到急切地、盼知又怕知地询问，读者由开头两句诗展开的遐想的翅翼也在主人公焦急的劈头问话声中收束。，一句“家中有阿谁”的追问，推出了作品的聚光点——家。六十五年了，岂敢奢望家人安然无恙、亲人健在？能有一二幸存者已是不幸中之万幸了。所以他只问，家中还有谁侥幸苟活人世呢？可是，“乡里人”的回答却如站在雪地里浇下的一盆冰水：“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”在这动乱的年月，我的亲人们竟无一幸存者？多少年来积压心底的感情，向谁倾诉、向谁表达啊？唯有那青青松柏、垒垒坟冢吗？那，就是我的家吗？不，不，不可能！
摆在他面前的现实是：“兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。”由遥看到近见，满眼更加荒凉凄楚的景象。作者没说室空无人，而是抓住野兔见人钻进家畜窝中自以为得所，野鸡惊飞落到屋内梁上自以为安的情景；作者没有直书庭园荒芜杂乱，只摄取了井边、中庭随意生长的葵菜和谷物两个“镜头”，人去屋空，人亡园荒，更其形象，倍伤人心神。一个风尘仆仆的老人，站在曾经炊火融融、庭园整洁的“家”的面前，站在盼望了六十五年可又无一亲人相迎的家的面前，竟然比想象的还不堪十倍、百倍……这是怎样一种情境，将掀起读者怎样的感情波澜呢？
“出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。”他走出年久失修的破门，向东方看去，他也许还抱着希望，他看到了谁？看到了什么呢？他也许看到了久别的亲人？也许什么也没有看到。他茫然地从幻想中走出来，低声哭了起来“泪落沾我衣”五个字，饱和了多么丰富、多么深厚、多么沉痛的感情内涵啊！主人公和他的家的相互映衬的叙写，把作品的主题和艺术水平都推向了一个新的高度：服了整整六十五年兵役的人，竟然还是全家唯一的幸存者，那些没有服兵役的亲人们，坟上松柏都已葱葱郁郁，可以想见他们生前贫寒凄苦的生活还不如每时每刻都可能牺牲的士卒；作品具体写的是主人公为国征战六十五载却有家归不得，等到归时却又无家可归的不幸遭遇和惨痛心情，而他的不幸与那些苟生且不能只有走进静默、暗湿、冰冷的坟墓的亲人们相比，他又是“幸运者”了。作品就不仅仅暴露了封建兵役制度的黑暗、罪恶，不仅仅表现了八十老翁一人的不幸，而且反映了当时整个社会现实的黑暗，表现了比个人不幸更深广的全体人民的不幸和社会的凋敝、时代的动乱，
诗的最后两句于对老兵的动作描绘中进一步抒发老兵心中的悲哀。这里，突出老兵出门张望（“出门东向看”）与老泪纵横（“泪落沾我衣”）这一细节，将举目无亲、孤身一人的老兵形象刻画得栩栩如生，将其悲痛欲绝的茫然之情抒发得淋漓尽致。试想，他“十五从军征，八十始得归”，家中已了无亲人，而只有荒凉的景象，怎能不悲从中来？以后的生活，又当如何呢？他又怎能不感到茫然呢？他向远方望去，难道自己的祖国里，只有自己一家是这样的吗？不是的。其悲惨的遭遇是谁造成的，尽管诗中未明言直说，但我们只要联系到此诗产生的时代背景，则不难看出这一点。根据吴兢《乐府古题要解》的说法，此诗晋时已谱入乐府，当可视之为汉魏战乱之际的作品。正是当时穷兵黩武的统治者与无休无止的战争，造成了该老兵的悲惨遭遇。反映该老兵的悲惨遭遇，也就反映了当时在沉重的徭役压迫之下的平民百姓的悲惨遭遇，深刻地揭露了当时黑暗的社会现实。
此诗围绕老兵的返乡经历及其情感变化谋篇结构，巧妙自然。其返乡经历是：始得归→归途中→返回家中→“出门东向看”；情感变化为：急想回家，急想知道“家中有阿谁？”，充满与亲人团聚的希望（归途中）→希望落空→彻底失望（返回家中，景象荒凉，了无一人）→悲哀流泪，心茫然（“出门东向看”）。这些又归结为表现揭露黑暗社会现实的诗之主题。全诗运用白描手法绘景写人，层次分明，语言质朴，且以哀景写哀情，情真意切，颇具特色，也颇能体现汉乐府即景抒情的艺术特点。
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袁枚《
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遣兴》
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张溥《
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五人墓碑记》
佚名简介
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晁补之
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李公素誉压朝端，曾溯龙门鬣未乾。虽愧彭宣惟赐食，未惭贡禹亦弹冠。
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游仙吟三十首用栩园韵 其十九
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：
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汪石青
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龙鸾百队会蟠桃，冷看熙来攘往劳。座上有时吹合雅，人间何处吊离骚。
投壶未必诸天笑，衔石终看一念牢。妙手不辞稍点缀，居然忘镜又忘刀。
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送惟良上人归江南
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唐代：
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卢纶
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落日映危樯，归僧向岳阳。注瓶寒浪静，读律夜船香。
苦雾沈山影，阴霾发海光。群生一何负，多病礼医王。