王孙圉论楚宝
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两汉]：佚名
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王孙圉聘于晋，定公飨之。赵简子鸣玉以相，问于王孙圉曰：“楚之白珩犹在乎？”对曰：“然。”简子曰：“其为宝也，几何矣？”曰：“未尝为宝。楚之所宝者，曰观射父，能作训辞，以行事于诸侯，使无以寡君为口实。又有左史倚相，能道训典，以叙百物，以朝夕献善败于寡君，使寡君无忘先王之业；又能上下说于鬼神，顺道其欲恶，使神无有怨痛于楚国。又有薮曰云，连徒洲，金、木、竹、箭之所生也，龟、珠、角、齿、皮、革、羽、毛，所以备赋，以戒不虞者也；所以共币帛，以宾享于诸侯者也。若诸侯之好币具，而导之以训辞，有不虞之备，而皇神相之，寡君其可以免罪于诸侯，而国民保焉。此楚国之宝也。若夫白珩，先王之玩也，何宝之焉？”
“圉闻国之宝，六而已：圣能制议百物，以辅相国家，则宝之；玉足以庇荫嘉谷，使无水旱之灾，则宝之；龟足以宪臧否，则宝之；珠足以御火灾，则宝之；金足以御兵乱，则宝之；山林薮泽足以备财用，则宝之。若夫哗嚣之美，楚虽蛮夷，不能宝也。”
王孙圉论楚宝译文及注释
译文
（楚国大夫）王孙圉在晋国访问，（晋国国王）定公设宴招待他，（晋国大夫）赵简子（佩带着能发出）鸣响的玉来和他相见，问王孙圉说：“楚国的白珩还在吗？”（王孙圉）回答说：“在。”简子说：“它是宝啊，价值多少啊？”（王孙圉）说：“没（将它）当成宝。楚国所当成宝的，叫观射父，他能发表（上乘的）训导和外交辞令，来和各诸侯国打交道，使我国国君不会有什么话柄。还有左史倚相，能够说出（先王）的训导和典章，陈述各种事物，朝夕将成败的经验和教训告诉国君，使国君不忘记先王的基业；还能上下取悦鬼神，顺应了解它们的好恶，使神不会对楚国有怨怼。还有叫做云连徒洲的多草之湖，金属、木材、箭竹、箭杆所生产的地方啊，龟甲、珍珠、兽角、象牙、兽皮、犀牛皮、羽毛、牦牛尾，用于军备，来防备未料的患难；也用来供应钱财布匹，以馈赠给各诸侯们享用。如果各诸侯对礼品感到满意，再加之贤相们的训导和外交辞令；有患难的防备，皇天神灵相辅佑，我国君王能够免于各诸侯国之罪责，国民也得到了保障。这才是楚国的宝贝。如果说到白珩，这只是先王的玩物，哪称得上是宝啊？”
“我（圉）听说所谓国家的宝，仅有六方面：圣贤能够掌握和评判万事万物，以辅佐国家的，就将他当做宝；足以庇护赐福使五谷丰登的宝玉，使（国家）没有水旱的灾难，就将它当做宝。足以（准确）布告福祸的龟壳，就将它当做宝；足以用来抵御火灾的珍珠，就将它当做宝；足以防御兵乱的金属，就将它当做宝；足以供给财政用度的山林湿地沼泽，就将它当做宝。喧哗吵闹的美玉吗，楚国虽然是野蛮偏远（的国家），不可能将它当做宝的。”
注释
①王孙圉：楚国大夫。
②赵简子：晋国执政。白珩：楚国著名的佩玉。
③观射父：楚国大夫。训辞：指外交辞令。
④左史：周代史官分左史、右史。左史记言，右史记事。
⑤上下：指天地。说：同“悦”，古人观念，史官能和鬼神交往。
⑥薮：多草的湖泽。云：云梦泽，在今湖北。徒洲：洲名。
⑦玉、马、皮、圭、璧、帛等物，古时都可以称为币。
圣：指通达事理者。制议：谓安排妥当，使各得其宜。
臧否：吉凶。
(8)薮：大的湖泊
古今异义词
聘 出使访问
几何 多少
物 事
享 用酒食招待
赋 兵赋，军事物资
币 礼物
皇 大，崇高
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李格非《
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