申胥谏许越成
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先秦]：左丘明
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吴王夫差乃告诸大夫曰：“孤将有大志于齐，吾将许越成，而无拂吾虑。若越既改，吾又何求？若其不改，反行，吾振旅焉。”申胥谏曰：“不可许也。夫越非实忠心好吴也，又非慑畏吾甲兵之强也。大夫种勇而善谋，将还玩吴国于股掌之上，以得其志。夫固知君王之盖威以好胜也，故婉约其辞，以从逸王志，使淫乐于诸夏之国，以自伤也。使吾甲兵钝弊，民人离落，而日以憔悴，然后安受吾烬。夫越王好信以爱民，四方归之，年谷时熟，日长炎炎，及吾犹可以战也。为虺弗摧，为蛇将若何？”吴王曰：“大夫奚隆于越？越曾足以为大虞乎？若无越，则吾何以春秋曜吾军士？”乃许之成。
将盟，越王又使诸稽郢辞曰：“以盟为有益乎？前盟口血未乾，足以结信矣。以盟为无益乎？君王舍甲兵之威以临使之，而胡重于鬼神而自轻也。”吴王乃许之，荒成不盟。
申胥谏许越成译文及注释
译文
吴国国王夫差便告诉各位大夫说：“我还对齐国有大的企图，我就同意越国的求和，你等不要违背我的意愿。如果越国已经改过，我（对它）还有什么要求呢？如果它不悔改，（等我从齐国）回来，我挥师讨伐它。”申胥劝道：“不能同意求和啊。越国不是诚心和吴国和好，也不是害怕我们的军队的强大。（他们的）大夫文种有勇有谋，（他）将把（我们）吴国在股掌之上玩得团团转，来实现他的愿望。他本来就知道君王您喜欢逞威斗胜，所以说婉转驯服地言辞，来纵容国王您的心志，使您沉浸在征服中原各国的快乐中，来让你自己伤害自己。使我们的军队困顿疲惫，民众流离失所，而日益憔悴，然后他们安全地收拾我们的残局。而越王信用好爱惜民众，四方百姓都归顺他，年年谷物按时节成熟，日子过得蒸蒸日上。在我们还能够（跟他们）打仗的时候，是小蛇的时候不摧毁它，成为大蛇将怎么办？”吴王说：“大夫你干嘛长越国的威风，越国能够足以成为大患吗？如果没有越国，那我春秋演习向谁炫耀我的军队啊？”便同意了越国的求和。
将要盟约时，越王又派诸稽郢砌词说：“要认为盟誓有用吗？上次盟誓时涂在嘴上的血还没干呢，足以保证信用啊。要认为盟誓没用吗？君王家的军队的威武降临便能使唤我们，干吗要看重鬼神而看轻您自己的威力啊。”吴王便同意讲和，空有讲和没有盟誓。
注释
①孤:王侯的自谦之词。有大志于齐:要攻打齐国,北上称霸。
②而：你们。拂：违背。
③反：同“返”，指伐齐回来。
④振旅：整顿部队。
⑤慑：恐惧，害怕。
⑥种：越大夫文种。
⑦还（xuán）：转动。玩：玩弄。
⑧盖：崇尚。
⑨婉约：委婉而谦卑。
⑩从：同“纵”。
⑾诸夏：中原的其他诸侯国，如晋、齐、鲁、宋、郑、卫等。
⑿钝：不利。弊：困。
⒀离落：离散。
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韩愈《
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原毁》
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王守仁《
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尊经阁记》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。
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