惠子相梁
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两汉]：佚名
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惠子相梁，庄子往见之。或谓惠子曰：“庄子来，欲代子相。”于是惠子恐，搜于国中三日三夜。庄子往见之，曰：“南方有鸟，其名为鹓鶵，子知之乎？夫鹓鶵发于南海，而飞于北海；非梧桐不止，非练实不食，非醴泉不饮。于是鸱得腐鼠，鹓鶵过之，仰而视之曰：‘吓！’今子欲以子之梁国而吓我邪？”
惠子相梁译文及注释
译文
惠施在梁国做国相，庄子去看望他。有人告诉惠施说：“庄子（到梁国）来，是想取代你做宰相。”于是惠施非常害怕，在国都搜捕三天三夜。庄子前去见他，说：“南方有一种鸟，它的名字叫鹓鶵，你知道它吗？那鹓鶵从南海起飞飞到北海去，不是梧桐树不栖息，不是竹子的果实不吃，不是甜美的泉水不喝。在此时猫头鹰拾到(一只)腐臭的老鼠，鹓鶵从它面前飞过，(猫头鹰)仰头看着，发出‘喝！’的怒斥声。现在你也想用你的梁国来吓我吗？”
注释
惠子：即惠施，战国时宋国人，哲学家，庄子好友。
相梁：在梁国当宰相。梁：魏国的都城，战国时期魏国迁都大梁。（今河南开封）后的别称。根据史实魏国都城叫大梁，所以魏也叫梁。相：辅助君主的人，相当于后代的宰相。这里用作动词，做宰相的意思。
或：有人。
于是：与现代意思相同，可直接翻译为“于是”。
恐：害怕。
国：国都。
往：前往。
鹓鶵（yuānchú）：鶵，古同“雏”。鹓鶵为古代传说中像凤凰一类的鸟，习性高洁。
止：栖息。
练实：竹实，即竹子所结的子，因为色白如洁白的绢，故称。
醴（lǐ）泉：甘泉，甜美的泉水。醴：甘甜。
于是：在这时。
鸱（chī）：人教版语文书中解释为猫头鹰。
吓（hè）：模仿鹞鹰发怒的声音。下文的“吓”用作动词。
夫（fú）：句首语气词，可以不译，也可以译作那 那鹓鶵。
三：虚指，多次。
发于南海：于，从。
飞于北海：于，到。
子：你，指代惠子。
惠子相梁鉴赏
《惠子相梁》这则故事，辛辣地讥讽了醉心于功名富贵者的嘴脸，表现了庄子对功名利禄的态度。故事发展出人意料，人物形成鲜明对照，比喻巧妙贴切，收到言简义丰的效果。
巧妙地采用了寓言的形式。庄子往见惠子，表明自己的清高，无意功名利禄，指责惠子为保住官位而偏狭猜忌的心态，但这些并没有直接道出，而是寓于一个虚构的故事中，使人感到意味隽永，具有更强的讽刺性。
善于运用比喻。其中的“鹓鶵”“鸱”和“腐鼠”都具有明显的比喻义，且比喻自然生动形象，特别是把鸱吓鹓鶵的情景刻画地惟妙惟肖，活画出了惠子因怕丢掉相国的官职而偏狭猜忌的丑态。按：庄子和惠子本是朋友，惠子先于庄子而逝，在《庄子·徐无鬼》中表现了庄子对墓中的惠子的怀念。
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墨子及弟子《
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公输》
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孟子及其弟子《
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得道多助，失道寡助》
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清代：
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