玉蝴蝶·晚雨未摧宫树
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宋代]：史达祖
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晚雨未摧宫树，可怜闲叶，犹抱凉蝉。短景归秋，吟思又接愁边。漏初长、梦魂难禁，人渐老、风月俱寒。想幽欢。土花庭甃，虫网阑干。
无端。啼蛄搅夜，恨随团扇，苦近秋莲。一笛当楼，谢娘悬泪立风前。故园晚、强留诗酒，新雁远、不致寒暄。隔苍烟。楚香罗袖，谁伴婵娟。
玉蝴蝶·晚雨未摧宫树译文及注释
译文
黄昏的风雨没有摧折宫树，可怜的疏叶，还抱着凉秋的寒蝉。入秋后白昼的太阳渐渐变短，吟思又接通了悲秋的愁端。夜间滴漏开始变长，使我的梦魂难耐难堪。人已渐入老年，风清月白的良宵美景全都透出秋寒。回想昔日幽会欢爱，如今庭院里的井壁上已爬满了青苔，蜘蛛网布满了栏杆。
无奈，啼叫的蝼蛄搅乱长夜，只恨我身如随秋抛弃的团扇，心似苦涩难言的秋莲，想当年对楼吹笛，谢娘她垂泪伫立风前。迟迟未返故园，勉强饮酒赋诗驱愁烦，新飞的大雁已经飞远，也不能替我传书致送寒暄。隔着苍茫的云烟，罗袖飘香的美人，有谁与你相伴?
注释
玉蝴蝶：词牌名。此调有小令及长调两体，小令为唐温庭筠所创，双调，共四十一字。长调始于宋人柳永，又称为《玉蝴蝶慢》，双调，九十九字，平韵。亦有九十八字体。
宫树：本指宫廷之树，此处泛指，“宫”字修饰“树”。
可怜二句：语出王安石《题葛溪驿》诗：“鸣蝉更乱行人耳，犹抱疏桐叶半黄。”凉蝉，秋蝉。
短景：指夏去秋来，白昼渐短。
漏初长（cháng）：漏，漏壶，古代计时器，铜制有孔，可以滴水或漏沙，有刻度标志以计时间。简称“漏”。
幽欢：幽会的欢乐。
土花：苔藓。
甃（zhòu）：井壁。
虫网：指蜘蛛布网。
阑干：栏杆。用竹、木、砖石或金属等构制而成，设于亭台楼阁或路边、水边等处作遮拦用。
蛄：蝼蛄，通称喇喇蛄，有的地区叫土狗子，一种昆虫，昼伏夜出，穴居土中而鸣。
恨随团扇：相传汉班婕妤作《团扇歌》，序云：“婕妤失宠，求供养太后于长信宫，乃作怨诗以自伤，托辞于纨扇云。”
苦近秋莲：莲心苦，故用以作比。
谢娘：唐宰相李德裕家谢秋娘为名歌妓。后因以“谢娘”泛指歌妓。
苍烟：苍茫的云雾。
蝉娟：形容仪态美好，借指美人。
参考资料：
1、吕明涛，谷学彝编著 ．宋词三百首 ．北京： 中华书局， 2009.7：第241-242页
2、上彊邨民(编) 蔡义江（解） ．宋词三百首全解．上海：复旦大学出版社， 2008/11/1 ：第256-257页
玉蝴蝶·晚雨未摧宫树鉴赏
此词是词人流贬后所作。本词上下两片以写景为主，以景起兴，情因景生，景随情变。上片悲秋伤老。“晚雨”三句以“凉蝉”意象为主体，描写了黄昏秋雨摧伤宫树，凉蝉犹抱疏叶的萧瑟景象。“短景”四句由景入情，抒写入秋后吟思与愁绪相接的悲秋诗兴。“想幽欢”三句追忆往昔与情侣的幽欢密爱，以昔日之“幽欢”反衬今日悲秋之凄愁与冷瑟。下片思乡怀人。“无端”四句以蝼蛄悲啼与凉蝉抱叶遥映添情，烘托词人凄凉孤寂之情怀，传达出词人寒夜里的烦乱心绪，并以恨、苦二字暗示出自己的处境。“一笛”二句写词人在苦恨交加之下，悬想情侣夜不成寐，独对空楼，吹笛舒怨，垂泪立于夜风之前的情景，并借情侣之思写出自己对情侣的深切相思。“故园”二句对自己既不得返归故园，又未能鸿雁传书安慰情侣之离愁而感到愧疚和怅恨，也写出自己“强留诗酒”，沦落自伤的心情。最后“隔苍烟”二句将思虑投向为“苍烟”所阻隔的远方故园，倾诉了对罗袖飘香的情侣孤独无伴的关切，情味深长凄婉。
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黄庭坚《
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浣溪沙·一叶扁舟卷画帘》
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李白《
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寻山僧不遇作》
史达祖简介
唐代·史达祖的简介
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史达祖1163～1220？年，字邦卿，号梅溪，汴（河南开封）人。一生未中第，早年任过幕僚。韩侂胄当国时，他是最亲信的堂吏，负责撰拟文书。韩败，史牵连受黥刑，死于贫困中。史达祖的词以咏物为长，其中不乏身世之感。他还在宁宗朝北行使金，这一部分的北行词，充满了沉痛的家国之感。今传有《梅溪词》。存词112首。
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