怀古
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宋代]：萧观音
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宫中只数赵家妆，败雨残云误汉王。
惟有知情一片月，曾窥飞燕入昭阳。
怀古译文及注释
译文
宫中的人只数落赵飞燕花俏的装扮，她们似云如雨误了汉帝。
只有夜空的月亮知情，曾看到飞燕被汉帝打入冷宫。
注释
数：数落，指责。赵家妆：汉成帝的皇后赵飞燕的装扮。
败雨残云：指赵飞燕和其妹。
昭阳：汉宫殿名。据传赵飞燕为了固宠，在宫中立住脚跟，与人私通，希望生个“太子”作靠山，事发后被打入冷宫。
怀古创作背景
据辽王鼎《焚椒录》，此诗作于辽道宗大康元年（1075年），身为皇后的萧观音因谏阻道宗单骑驰猎，已久被疏远，心情孤寂而苦闷。同情赵飞燕，是写作此诗的心理因素和感情基础。
参考资料：
1、钱仲连 等．元明清诗鉴赏辞典（辽金元明）：上海辞书出版社，2001：5-6
怀古鉴赏
如诗题所示，这是一首怀古诗，从其字面上看，怀的是汉成帝的皇后赵飞燕。赵飞燕善歌舞，以体轻，号曰“飞燕”，被召入宫，先为婕妤，不久立为皇后。其妹赵合德亦为昭仪，姊妹专宠十余年。后因成帝倾心合德，飞燕渐被疏远。
全诗四句，字面意思分两层。一、二句为一层，写汉家宫中对赵飞燕的指责。“数”字，为两句的关键性动词，“赵家妆”和“败雨残云误汉王”都是“数”的“宾语”，即赵氏被指贵的瑕疵。“赵家妆”，据《汉书》、《飞燕别传》等记载，赵氏在宫，妆饰奢华，“自后宫未尝有焉”，飞燕“喜隅步行，者入手执花枝颇顿然，他人莫可学也”，李白《清平调》“借问汉宫谁得似，可伶飞燕倚新妆”，亦谓赵氏装束之新奇。而赵合德则喜绾“欣感愁鬓”。“败雨”句盖指赵氏姊妹与轻簿子弟私通事。赵氏在宫，当时就有人骂为“祸水”，诗中用“只数”云云，已可见指责者之多。
三、四两句是第二层意思，在笔势和立意上都是个大转折，转而为赵氏申诉：在官中舆论口一边倒的指责声中，只有那“知情”的“一片月”，是亲眼看到赵飞燕是怎么样被汉成帝搞到昭阳宫的见证。飞燕出身甚微，本是阳阿主家的婢女。汉成帝到阳阿主家寻欢作乐，“见飞燕而说（悦）之”，硬是凭着皇帝的权威把飞燕弄到宫中，占为私有。后来，插进一个赵合德，迷住了成帝。飞燕为了固宠，为了在倾轧无常的宫中立住脚跟，才与人私通，希望生个“太子”作靠山。在当时的宫中，能够体谅飞燕这番良苦用心的，看来只有那“一片月”了。凡此，皆应是三、四两句的内涵。诗作者箫观音在这里翻了一个历吏大案，失胆地对赵飞燕表示了由衷的同情。这种同情，在诗的开头“只数”二字里已露端倪，“只数”云云，正是指出宫中舆论（指责）的偏颇，到了三、四两句，才正式转笔，一反历史的成见，缠绵而含蓄地袒露了自己深沉的思索。这样，单从字面意义上看，这首诗心存忠厚，思绪缠绵，用语含蓄，立义分明，气度和雅，确已显示了一定的思想和艺术的高度。
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苏轼《
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蝶恋花·密州上元》
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下一首：
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王冕《
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楚汉两城》
萧观音简介
唐代·萧观音的简介
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萧观音（1040年—1075年），辽道宗耶律洪基的第一任皇后，父亲萧惠（辽兴宗母亲萧耨斤的弟弟），辽代著名女诗人。相貌颖慧秀逸，娇艳动人，个性内向纤柔，很有才华，常常自制歌词，精通诗词、音律，善于谈论。她弹得一手好琵琶，称为当时第一。也有诗作，被辽道宗誉为女中才子。1075年（大康元年）十一月，契丹宰相耶律乙辛、汉宰相张孝杰、宫婢单登、教坊朱顶鹤等人向辽道宗进《十香词》诬陷萧后和伶官赵惟一私通。萧观音被道宗赐死，其尸送回萧家。1101年（乾统元年）六月，天祚帝追谥祖母为宣懿皇后，葬于庆陵。
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