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智慧词库a>成语词典怒发冲冠怒发冲冠的故事
怒发冲冠的成语故事

拼音nù fà chōng guān
基本解释冠:帽子。愤怒得头发竖起;顶着帽子。形容愤怒到极点。
出处西汉 司马迁《史记 廉颇蔺相如列传》:“相如因持璧却立,倚柱,怒发上冲冠。”
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怒发冲冠的典故
赵惠文王得到一块稀世的壁玉。这块壁是春秋时楚人卞和发现的,所以称为和氏璧。不料,这件事被秦昭王知道了,便企图仗势把和氏璧据为己有。于是他假意写信给赵王,表示愿用15座城来换这块璧。
赵王怕秦王有诈,不想把和氏璧送去,但又怕他派兵来犯。同大臣们商量了半天,也没有个结果。再说,也找不到一个能随机应变的使者,到秦国去交涉这件事。正在这时,有人向赵王推荐了蔺相如,说他有勇有谋,可以出使。赵王立即召见,并首先问他是否可以同意秦王要求,用和氏壁交换15座城池。蔺相如说:“秦国强,我们赵国弱,这件事不能不答应。”
“秦王得到了和氏璧,却又不肯把15座城给我,那怎么办?”
“秦王已经许了愿,如赵国不答应,就理亏了;而赵国如果把壁送给秦王,他却不肯交城,那就是秦王无理。两方面比较一下,宁可答应秦王的要求,让他承担不讲道理的责任。”
就这样,蔺相如带了和氏壁出使秦国。秦王得知他来后,没有按照正式的礼仪在朝廷上接见他,而是非常傲慢地在三个临时居住的宫室里召见蔺相如。他接过璧后,非常高兴,看了又看,又递给左右大臣和姬妾们传看。蔺相如见秦王如此轻蔑无礼,早已非常愤怒,现在又见他只管传看和氏璧,根本没有交付城池的意思,便上前道:“这璧上还有点小的毛病,请让我指给大王看。”
蔺相如把璧拿到手后,马上退后几步,靠近柱子站住。他极度愤怒,头发直竖,顶起帽子,激昂地说:“赵王和大臣们商量后,都认为秦国贪得无厌,想用空话骗取和氏壁,因而本不打算把璧送给秦国;听了我的意见,斋戒了五天,才派我送来。今天我到这里,大王没有在朝廷上接见我,拿到壁后竟又递给姬妾们传观,当面戏弄我,所以我把壁取了回来。大王如要威逼我,我情愿把自已的头与璧一起在柱子上撞个粉碎!”在这种情况下,秦王只得道歉,并答应斋戒五天后受璧。但蔺相如预料秦王不会交城,私下让人把壁送归赵国。秦王得知后,无可奈何,只好按照礼仪送蔺相如回国。
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